25 metrics

Public finances

Government borrowing, debt, debt interest and the balance between what the state raises and what it spends.

• Borrowing forecasts, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2025 · up 0.4 points on a year earlier5.2%
• Borrowing forecasts, £ billionYear ending March 2025 · up 13.4% on a year earlier£152.7bn
• Debt forecasts, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2025 · down 1.0 points on a year earlier93.2%
• Spending forecasts, £ billionYear ending March 2025 · up 5.0% on a year earlier£1.29tn
• Receipts forecasts, £ billionYear ending March 2025 · up 3.9% on a year earlier£1.14tn
• GDP growth forecasts2024 · up 0.8 points on a year earlier1.1%
• Inflation forecasts2025 · up 0.8 points on a year earlier3.4%
• Unemployment forecasts2024 · up 0.3 points on a year earlier4.3%
• Employment forecasts2024 · up 0.8% on a year earlier33,615,500people
• Earnings growth forecasts2024 · down 1.1 points on a year earlier5.1%
• House price forecasts2024 · up 0.4 points on a year earlier0.7%
• Household income forecasts2024 · up 3.2 points on a year earlier4.1%
• Income tax forecastsYear ending March 2025 · up 10.4% on a year earlier£305.9bn
• National Insurance forecastsYear ending March 2025 · down 4.3% on a year earlier£171.4bn
• VAT forecastsYear ending March 2025 · up 3.0% on a year earlier£173.3bn
• Welfare spending forecastsYear ending March 2025 · up 6.2% on a year earlier£314.8bn
• Debt interest forecastsYear ending March 2025 · up 2.6% on a year earlier£85.4bn
• Public sector receipts since 1900, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2031 · up 0.2 points on a year earlier42.7%
• Public spending since 1900, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2031 · down 0.0 points on a year earlier44.3%
• Borrowing since 1900, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2031 · down 0.2 points on a year earlier1.6%
• National debt since 1900, per cent of GDPYear ending March 2031 · down 1.0 points on a year earlier95.1%
• Public sector net borrowingJuly 2026 · down 68.7% on a year earlier-£1.8bn
• Public sector net debtJuly 2026 · up 3.3% on a year earlier£2.98tn
• Public sector net debt as a share of GDPJuly 2026 · down 0.8 points on a year earlier94.1%
• Debt interest paidJuly 2026 · up 3.5% on a year earlier£10.3bn