Britain through time

Homicide (police-recorded), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Police-recorded homicide, 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Police-recorded homicide, 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Homicide (police-recorded) (Year ending March 2003 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Police-recorded crime (excluding fraud), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Police-recorded crime, 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Police-recorded crime, 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Police-recorded crime (excluding fraud) (Year ending March 2003 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Residential burglary (police-recorded), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Burglary (all premises), 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Burglary (all premises), 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Residential burglary (police-recorded) (Year ending March 2018 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Robbery (police-recorded), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Robbery, 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Robbery, 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Robbery (police-recorded) (Year ending March 2003 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Theft offences (police-recorded), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Theft and handling stolen goods, 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Theft and handling stolen goods, 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Theft offences (police-recorded) (Year ending March 2003 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Violence against the person (police-recorded), 1898–2026

Crime · joins Violence against the person, 1898 to 2001/02 to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Violence against the person, 1898 to 2001/02 (1898 to Year ending March 2002, Home Office, Historical crime data: recorded crime 1898 to 2001/02) · Violence against the person (police-recorded) (Year ending March 2003 to Year ending March 2026, ONS, Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Prison population, 1900–2026

Justice · joins Prison population, annual average, 1900 to 2018, Prison population at month end, 2002 to 2015, Prison population at month end, 2015 onwards to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Prison population, annual average, 1900 to 2018 (1900 to 2018, Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly: annual prison population tables, 2019 edition (June 2002 to June 2019)) · Prison population at month end, 2002 to 2015 (June 2002 to May 2015, Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly: annual prison population tables, 2019 edition (June 2002 to June 2019)) · Prison population at month end, 2015 onwards (June 2015 to June 2026, Ministry of Justice, Offender management statistics quarterly: annual prison population tables) · Prison population (Week beginning 17 August 2026 to Week beginning 24 August 2026, Ministry of Justice, Prison population: weekly estate figures). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Emigration, 1964–2025

Migration · joins Emigration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Emigration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) (1964 to 2019, ONS, Long-term international migration 2.00, citizenship, UK (1964 to 2019)) · Emigration (Year ending June 2012 to 2025, ONS, Long-term international migration, provisional). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Immigration, 1964–2025

Migration · joins Immigration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Immigration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) (1964 to 2019, ONS, Long-term international migration 2.00, citizenship, UK (1964 to 2019)) · Immigration (Year ending June 2012 to 2025, ONS, Long-term international migration, provisional). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Net migration, 1964–2025

Migration · joins Net migration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) to the current series. The line is broken where the publisher changed method; the two sides are not directly comparable.

Made of Net migration, 1964 to 2019 (IPS-based) (1964 to 2019, ONS, Long-term international migration 2.00, citizenship, UK (1964 to 2019)) · Net migration (Year ending June 2012 to 2025, ONS, Long-term international migration, provisional). Each keeps its publisher’s own periods and definitions.

Also with history

Shorter chains — a predecessor series exists, but the joined run is under 40 years or did not make the cut above. Each metric page draws its own longer history.

• Asylum claims, 1984–2026
• Police officers (full-time equivalent), 1995–2026
• Median annual pay, full-time employees, by area of residence, 2002–2025
• Median weekly pay, full-time employees, by area of residence, 2002–2025
• Family visas granted, 2005–2026
• Study visas granted, 2005–2026
• Work visas granted, 2005–2026
• Outstanding council borrowing, 2010–2026
• Mean domestic electricity consumption per meter, 2012–2024
• Mean domestic gas consumption per meter, 2012–2024

Reading these charts side by side

The chains above are drawn in their own units, so their slopes cannot be compared directly. To set two series against each other from a common starting point, use the indexed comparison tool — it rebases each series to 100 at a chosen year and says plainly what that hides. Cash values from different decades are not comparable without adjustment either; the CPI-based tools only reach back to 1988, which is why this page leaves every figure in the money and the units of its day.