ONS · Year to mid-2025 · 318 councils

Where do deaths outnumber births?

Natural change is births minus deaths. It is one of the four parts of a council’s population change, and the only one that does not involve anybody moving. Where it is negative, more people died than were born in the area during the period; the population may still have grown, or fallen further, through migration.

In the year to mid-2025, deaths outnumbered births in 180 of the 318 local authorities with both figures published, and births outnumbered deaths in 138. Across these councils there were 587,976 births and 568,352 deaths.

The ONS publishes these counts for local authorities in England and Wales; councils in Scotland and Northern Ireland are not in this series.

Every council

Council	Births	Deaths	Births minus deaths	Per 1,000 residents	Population at the start
Newham	5,451	1,414	+4,037	+10.8	374,523
Barking and Dagenham	3,597	1,210	+2,387	+10.3	232,747
Tower Hamlets	4,354	1,098	+3,256	+9.8	331,886
Slough	2,386	878	+1,508	+9.0	167,359
Hackney	3,519	1,179	+2,340	+8.8	266,758
Luton	3,585	1,519	+2,066	+8.6	239,090
Waltham Forest	3,722	1,397	+2,325	+8.3	279,737
Redbridge	4,253	1,753	+2,500	+7.8	321,231
Brent	4,504	1,921	+2,583	+7.3	352,976
Lewisham	3,719	1,553	+2,166	+7.2	301,255
Hounslow	3,624	1,566	+2,058	+6.9	299,424
Wandsworth	3,844	1,576	+2,268	+6.7	337,655
Haringey	2,987	1,285	+1,702	+6.5	263,850
Ealing	4,551	2,068	+2,483	+6.4	385,985
Hillingdon	4,151	2,042	+2,109	+6.4	329,185
Watford	1,366	717	+649	+6.1	107,171
Harrow	3,270	1,658	+1,612	+6.0	270,724
Croydon	4,980	2,575	+2,405	+5.9	409,342
Manchester	6,813	3,435	+3,378	+5.7	589,670
Southwark	3,218	1,419	+1,799	+5.7	314,786
Lambeth	3,233	1,422	+1,811	+5.7	316,920
Greenwich	3,359	1,651	+1,708	+5.7	299,528
Hammersmith and Fulham	1,979	921	+1,058	+5.6	188,687
Islington	2,296	1,059	+1,237	+5.5	223,024
Merton	2,436	1,262	+1,174	+5.4	218,539
Birmingham	15,117	8,931	+6,186	+5.2	1,183,618
Barnet	4,516	2,517	+1,999	+4.9	405,050
Crawley	1,382	778	+604	+4.9	124,008
Dartford	1,548	973	+575	+4.6	125,011
Leicester	4,435	2,649	+1,786	+4.6	388,348
Harlow	1,176	726	+450	+4.6	98,235
Reading	2,047	1,220	+827	+4.5	182,907
Westminster	1,926	1,019	+907	+4.3	209,996
Thurrock	2,095	1,315	+780	+4.3	180,989
Sandwell	4,523	3,027	+1,496	+4.2	353,860
Bradford	7,050	4,710	+2,340	+4.2	563,605
Enfield	3,523	2,193	+1,330	+4.1	327,434
Camden	2,010	1,131	+879	+4.1	216,943
Oldham	3,193	2,178	+1,015	+4.0	251,560
Rushmoor	1,148	723	+425	+4.0	105,751
Milton Keynes	3,237	2,069	+1,168	+3.8	305,884
Kensington and Chelsea	1,310	779	+531	+3.7	144,518
Salford	3,323	2,309	+1,014	+3.4	294,348
Preston	1,943	1,390	+553	+3.4	162,864
Peterborough	2,535	1,780	+755	+3.4	223,655
Blackburn with Darwen	1,938	1,391	+547	+3.4	162,540
Bracknell Forest	1,346	906	+440	+3.4	130,806
Kingston upon Thames	1,609	1,034	+575	+3.3	172,692
Bristol, City of	4,897	3,306	+1,591	+3.2	494,399
Nottingham	3,426	2,393	+1,033	+3.1	331,077
Broxbourne	1,140	838	+302	+3.0	101,900
Woking	1,080	769	+311	+2.9	105,679
Coventry	4,112	3,069	+1,043	+2.8	369,026
Gravesham	1,269	964	+305	+2.8	110,671
Central Bedfordshire	3,376	2,506	+870	+2.8	315,877
Havering	3,078	2,325	+753	+2.7	276,274
Wolverhampton	3,429	2,682	+747	+2.7	281,251
Oxford	1,419	982	+437	+2.6	166,034
Middlesbrough	1,868	1,471	+397	+2.5	156,161
Sutton	1,999	1,468	+531	+2.5	214,525
Richmond upon Thames	1,690	1,205	+485	+2.5	196,678
Bolton	3,628	2,877	+751	+2.4	310,085
Rochdale	2,719	2,160	+559	+2.4	235,561
Cherwell	1,759	1,356	+403	+2.4	170,426
Dacorum	1,671	1,308	+363	+2.2	161,420
Medway	3,088	2,447	+641	+2.2	292,655
Cambridge	1,153	828	+325	+2.2	149,352
Derby	3,054	2,458	+596	+2.2	274,149
Southampton	2,492	1,929	+563	+2.2	259,424
Spelthorne	1,113	887	+226	+2.1	107,074
Bedford	2,052	1,652	+400	+2.1	194,976
Basingstoke and Deane	1,931	1,535	+396	+2.1	193,110
Bexley	2,607	2,087	+520	+2.0	256,434
Bromley	3,241	2,570	+671	+2.0	335,319
Pendle	1,136	943	+193	+1.9	99,777
Walsall	3,451	2,916	+535	+1.8	295,678
Basildon	2,043	1,693	+350	+1.8	193,632
Swindon	2,367	1,932	+435	+1.8	243,875
Reigate and Banstead	1,581	1,300	+281	+1.8	159,134
Stevenage	966	806	+160	+1.7	91,774
Runnymede	884	731	+153	+1.7	92,118
Ipswich	1,425	1,194	+231	+1.6	140,274
Leeds	8,297	6,913	+1,384	+1.6	845,189
Vale of White Horse	1,489	1,245	+244	+1.6	149,347
South Derbyshire	1,203	1,017	+186	+1.6	117,493
Cardiff	3,682	3,075	+607	+1.6	383,919
Guildford	1,269	1,030	+239	+1.6	151,359
Buckinghamshire	5,692	4,795	+897	+1.5	578,772
Wokingham	1,605	1,322	+283	+1.5	187,200
Swale	1,647	1,420	+227	+1.4	158,379
Stoke-on-Trent	3,082	2,701	+381	+1.4	270,425
Tonbridge and Malling	1,290	1,102	+188	+1.4	136,853
Gloucester	1,422	1,232	+190	+1.4	138,598
West Northamptonshire	4,294	3,698	+596	+1.4	439,811
Newcastle upon Tyne	3,021	2,592	+429	+1.3	320,605
Newport	1,781	1,557	+224	+1.3	167,899
East Hertfordshire	1,496	1,297	+199	+1.3	156,875
Kingston upon Hull, City of	2,932	2,605	+327	+1.2	275,401
Welwyn Hatfield	1,151	1,014	+137	+1.1	122,819
Maidstone	1,945	1,736	+209	+1.1	187,767
Portsmouth	2,079	1,844	+235	+1.1	214,321
Ashford	1,438	1,287	+151	+1.1	140,936
Hyndburn	944	864	+80	+0.9	86,058
Redditch	837	756	+81	+0.9	87,847
Telford and Wrekin	1,954	1,778	+176	+0.9	195,952
South Cambridgeshire	1,567	1,416	+151	+0.9	172,544
South Gloucestershire	2,836	2,570	+266	+0.9	306,332
Kirklees	4,614	4,240	+374	+0.8	447,847
Hertsmere	1,001	913	+88	+0.8	110,212
Liverpool	4,884	4,478	+406	+0.8	508,961
City of London	54	42	+12	+0.8	15,111
Sheffield	5,650	5,193	+457	+0.8	582,493
Elmbridge	1,235	1,128	+107	+0.8	141,926
Bury	2,061	1,912	+149	+0.7	198,921
Epsom and Ewell	681	626	+55	+0.7	83,288
Epping Forest	1,402	1,317	+85	+0.6	137,451
Burnley	1,094	1,036	+58	+0.6	99,233
St Albans	1,274	1,194	+80	+0.5	151,012
Tameside	2,506	2,382	+124	+0.5	239,643
Huntingdonshire	1,754	1,659	+95	+0.5	190,619
Norwich	1,224	1,151	+73	+0.5	147,182
Chelmsford	1,722	1,636	+86	+0.5	188,803
Knowsley	1,714	1,641	+73	+0.4	162,565
Rugby	1,142	1,089	+53	+0.4	122,378
Brentwood	826	794	+32	+0.4	79,326
Colchester	1,888	1,808	+80	+0.4	200,222
East Staffordshire	1,286	1,242	+44	+0.3	129,659
Mid Sussex	1,491	1,438	+53	+0.3	161,755
Brighton and Hove	2,125	2,043	+82	+0.3	283,870
Trafford	2,129	2,081	+48	+0.2	241,025
Nuneaton and Bedworth	1,461	1,433	+28	+0.2	141,565
Hart	829	819	+10	+0.1	103,162
Three Rivers	791	785	+6	+0.1	95,807
Tamworth	732	727	+5	+0.1	81,117
North Northamptonshire	3,477	3,454	+23	+0.1	373,871
Braintree	1,596	1,588	+8	0.0	164,304
Tewkesbury	1,008	1,006	+2	0.0	101,949
West Suffolk	1,779	1,777	+2	0.0	188,485
Worcester	963	964	−1	0.0	106,671
Winchester	1,142	1,144	−2	0.0	135,632
South Oxfordshire	1,407	1,419	−12	−0.1	156,470
Eastleigh	1,243	1,259	−16	−0.1	142,933
East Cambridgeshire	788	804	−16	−0.2	92,906
Windsor and Maidenhead	1,337	1,378	−41	−0.3	158,943
North Hertfordshire	1,321	1,357	−36	−0.3	137,201
Test Valley	1,205	1,251	−46	−0.3	135,201
Dudley	3,307	3,421	−114	−0.3	331,930
North West Leicestershire	942	982	−40	−0.4	111,881
Stockton-on-Tees	1,862	1,937	−75	−0.4	206,800
Rotherham	2,769	2,877	−108	−0.4	276,595
Uttlesford	796	834	−38	−0.4	95,106
Lincoln	991	1,041	−50	−0.5	105,114
West Berkshire	1,337	1,418	−81	−0.5	165,112
Calderdale	1,969	2,073	−104	−0.5	210,929
Southend-on-Sea	1,759	1,876	−117	−0.6	185,256
Stockport	2,805	2,997	−192	−0.6	303,929
Blaby	943	1,017	−74	−0.7	108,165
Warwick	1,315	1,421	−106	−0.7	154,889
Tandridge	812	875	−63	−0.7	90,586
Charnwood	1,540	1,680	−140	−0.7	188,385
Tunbridge Wells	1,067	1,157	−90	−0.8	119,694
Harborough	910	994	−84	−0.8	104,713
South Ribble	983	1,082	−99	−0.9	116,113
Wakefield	3,527	3,866	−339	−0.9	367,666
Wigan	3,212	3,535	−323	−0.9	344,922
Hartlepool	948	1,041	−93	−0.9	98,180
Exeter	1,013	1,155	−142	−1.0	138,399
Bath and North East Somerset	1,471	1,682	−211	−1.1	200,028
West Oxfordshire	1,009	1,142	−133	−1.1	120,941
Doncaster	3,096	3,471	−375	−1.2	319,765
Rossendale	636	723	−87	−1.2	73,045
Waverley	1,122	1,295	−173	−1.3	134,284
Solihull	1,950	2,237	−287	−1.3	221,242
Darlington	1,097	1,248	−151	−1.3	112,489
Newark and Sherwood	1,104	1,277	−173	−1.4	127,886
Halton	1,108	1,287	−179	−1.4	131,543
Cannock Chase	983	1,127	−144	−1.4	104,088
Surrey Heath	818	950	−132	−1.4	94,492
Cheltenham	1,032	1,205	−173	−1.4	121,739
Plymouth	2,312	2,704	−392	−1.4	272,067
Oadby and Wigston	566	658	−92	−1.5	61,695
Warrington	1,787	2,115	−328	−1.5	215,391
Stafford	1,182	1,406	−224	−1.6	141,556
Rushcliffe	959	1,165	−206	−1.6	126,736
Barnsley	2,310	2,722	−412	−1.6	251,770
Ashfield	1,216	1,430	−214	−1.7	129,572
Rochford	786	937	−151	−1.7	89,815
Hinckley and Bosworth	963	1,162	−199	−1.7	116,682
Sevenoaks	1,082	1,295	−213	−1.7	122,748
Gedling	1,025	1,236	−211	−1.8	120,179
Wiltshire	4,206	5,151	−945	−1.8	523,700
Flintshire	1,307	1,592	−285	−1.8	155,867
Mid Suffolk	913	1,120	−207	−1.9	110,775
Bolsover	785	944	−159	−1.9	83,773
Mansfield	1,002	1,227	−225	−2.0	113,138
Chorley	970	1,222	−252	−2.1	120,839
Cheshire East	3,578	4,461	−883	−2.1	421,298
Cheshire West and Chester	3,006	3,786	−780	−2.1	371,652
Sunderland	2,603	3,255	−652	−2.3	288,606
Gateshead	1,861	2,324	−463	−2.3	202,760
Melton	417	541	−124	−2.3	54,052
Horsham	1,171	1,527	−356	−2.3	151,521
Torfaen	878	1,101	−223	−2.4	94,119
Gosport	668	865	−197	−2.4	82,921
Caerphilly	1,504	1,934	−430	−2.4	176,865
Dover	1,042	1,344	−302	−2.5	119,768
Stroud	971	1,290	−319	−2.5	125,680
Lichfield	906	1,192	−286	−2.6	111,932
North Warwickshire	598	773	−175	−2.6	67,117
North Tyneside	1,800	2,365	−565	−2.6	215,025
Vale of Glamorgan	1,121	1,478	−357	−2.6	135,743
Boston	634	822	−188	−2.6	71,080
Forest of Dean	737	975	−238	−2.7	89,753
Neath Port Talbot	1,178	1,560	−382	−2.7	143,249
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole	3,141	4,248	−1,107	−2.7	408,967
Bassetlaw	1,058	1,399	−341	−2.7	124,937
Erewash	946	1,258	−312	−2.7	114,253
Canterbury	1,239	1,685	−446	−2.8	162,100
Swansea	2,037	2,736	−699	−2.8	251,304
Stratford-on-Avon	1,168	1,587	−419	−2.9	146,258
York	1,426	2,026	−600	−2.9	209,301
North Somerset	1,800	2,454	−654	−2.9	224,578
St. Helens	1,641	2,192	−551	−2.9	188,861
South Kesteven	1,085	1,520	−435	−3.0	147,151
Amber Valley	1,118	1,504	−386	−3.0	130,451
Broxtowe	875	1,219	−344	−3.0	114,565
South Norfolk	1,125	1,573	−448	−3.0	148,448
Merthyr Tydfil	544	722	−178	−3.0	58,972
West Lancashire	946	1,317	−371	−3.0	121,995
South Tyneside	1,307	1,776	−469	−3.1	151,393
Newcastle-under-Lyme	1,036	1,432	−396	−3.1	127,727
Lancaster	1,078	1,535	−457	−3.2	145,006
County Durham	4,299	6,013	−1,714	−3.2	538,011
Havant	1,107	1,512	−405	−3.2	126,985
Wrexham	1,174	1,615	−441	−3.2	138,245
North East Lincolnshire	1,459	1,973	−514	−3.2	159,911
Wirral	2,733	3,791	−1,058	−3.2	328,873
Bromsgrove	802	1,131	−329	−3.2	101,685
Fenland	935	1,277	−342	−3.3	104,896
North Lincolnshire	1,494	2,053	−559	−3.3	171,336
East Hampshire	936	1,363	−427	−3.3	129,975
Babergh	782	1,104	−322	−3.3	97,033
Castle Point	774	1,077	−303	−3.3	90,581
Mid Devon	631	920	−289	−3.4	84,993
North East Derbyshire	880	1,247	−367	−3.4	106,646
Adur	504	729	−225	−3.5	64,889
Rhondda Cynon Taf	1,951	2,802	−851	−3.5	242,844
Mole Valley	640	957	−317	−3.6	88,709
Ribble Valley	473	713	−240	−3.6	65,794
Redcar and Cleveland	1,148	1,659	−511	−3.7	139,228
Somerset	4,586	6,750	−2,164	−3.7	588,328
Hastings	790	1,126	−336	−3.7	91,219
Thanet	1,241	1,768	−527	−3.7	142,691
Wychavon	1,056	1,568	−512	−3.7	138,017
North Yorkshire	4,791	7,186	−2,395	−3.8	635,270
Bridgend	1,154	1,714	−560	−3.8	147,530
Sefton	2,378	3,465	−1,087	−3.8	286,281
Isles of Scilly	14	23	−9	−3.8	2,366
High Peak	660	1,011	−351	−3.8	91,959
Maldon	537	802	−265	−3.8	69,131
Blackpool	1,362	1,920	−558	−3.9	144,191
Westmorland and Furness	1,737	2,631	−894	−3.9	230,185
Monmouthshire	688	1,058	−370	−3.9	94,930
Blaenau Gwent	617	896	−279	−4.1	67,873
Cumberland	2,182	3,343	−1,161	−4.1	280,495
Gwynedd	963	1,464	−501	−4.1	120,813
Folkestone and Hythe	901	1,368	−467	−4.2	112,411
Chesterfield	930	1,378	−448	−4.2	106,045
North Kesteven	863	1,385	−522	−4.3	122,468
South Staffordshire	858	1,347	−489	−4.3	114,423
Ceredigion	513	830	−317	−4.4	72,599
Rutland	246	429	−183	−4.4	41,443
Breckland	1,154	1,805	−651	−4.4	146,620
North Devon	759	1,209	−450	−4.4	101,222
Wealden	1,244	1,990	−746	−4.5	166,908
Lewes	759	1,218	−459	−4.5	102,363
West Lindsey	712	1,158	−446	−4.5	99,208
Fareham	799	1,319	−520	−4.5	115,428
Cotswold	624	1,040	−416	−4.5	91,661
Shropshire	2,350	3,872	−1,522	−4.6	332,455
King's Lynn and West Norfolk	1,174	1,903	−729	−4.7	156,206
South Hams	602	1,040	−438	−4.8	92,148
South Holland	734	1,207	−473	−4.8	99,298
Northumberland	2,341	3,926	−1,585	−4.8	331,420
Herefordshire, County of	1,413	2,358	−945	−4.9	191,047
Wyre Forest	845	1,360	−515	−5.0	103,913
Worthing	899	1,467	−568	−5.0	113,866
Broadland	983	1,675	−692	−5.0	138,157
Chichester	976	1,625	−649	−5.0	128,934
Great Yarmouth	778	1,288	−510	−5.1	100,529
Pembrokeshire	898	1,539	−641	−5.1	125,761
Cornwall	4,099	7,084	−2,985	−5.1	583,289
Torridge	457	822	−365	−5.2	69,841
East Riding of Yorkshire	2,524	4,401	−1,877	−5.3	355,884
Carmarthenshire	1,467	2,488	−1,021	−5.4	190,800
Denbighshire	780	1,307	−527	−5.4	98,202
Powys	935	1,673	−738	−5.5	135,059
Staffordshire Moorlands	657	1,193	−536	−5.5	96,651
Teignbridge	878	1,656	−778	−5.6	138,548
Eastbourne	762	1,353	−591	−5.7	104,259
West Devon	359	699	−340	−5.8	58,923
East Devon	1,064	1,980	−916	−5.8	158,239
Derbyshire Dales	408	834	−426	−5.9	71,757
East Suffolk	1,685	3,175	−1,490	−6.0	249,664
Isle of Anglesey	494	917	−423	−6.1	69,097
Malvern Hills	553	1,081	−528	−6.3	83,227
Dorset	2,500	5,059	−2,559	−6.6	389,947
Wyre	831	1,616	−785	−6.6	118,743
Conwy	807	1,583	−776	−6.8	114,891
Arun	1,195	2,349	−1,154	−6.8	170,064
Isle of Wight	932	1,903	−971	−6.9	141,660
Fylde	570	1,161	−591	−6.9	85,447
New Forest	1,087	2,334	−1,247	−7.1	176,116
Torbay	931	1,945	−1,014	−7.2	140,126
Tendring	1,249	2,443	−1,194	−7.6	156,759
East Lindsey	917	2,187	−1,270	−8.7	145,183
North Norfolk	525	1,480	−955	−9.3	103,217
Rother	570	1,460	−890	−9.3	96,133

How to read it

Births and deaths are counts of events registered to residents of the council in the year to mid-2025, as the ONS publishes them. Births minus deaths is the ONS’s own natural change figure where it publishes one, and the subtraction of the two counts where it does not. The rate per 1,000 residents is this site’s calculation, using the council’s published population at the start of the period, so that a large council and a small one can be put on the same map.

The balance of births and deaths follows the age structure of an area as much as anything else: a council with many residents over 80 will record more deaths than one with many residents in their twenties, whatever else is true of the two places. This page reports the counts and the difference, and nothing about why either is what it is.

Series: Births by local authority, Deaths by local authority, Births minus deaths by local authority.

In the year to mid-2025, deaths outnumbered births in 180 of the 318 local authorities with both figures published, and births outnumbered deaths in 138.

Civometry, from ONS

The four parts of population change The gap between councils