173 series compared · 164 listed without a comparison

Britain since 2010

Every national series with a figure for 2010 and a latest figure, side by side: the change in the series’ own unit and in percent or percentage points, and the periods between. Of the 173 series compared, 122 are higher than in 2010 and 50 lower.

20002005201020152016201920202024

Crime

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Adult proven reoffending ratepercentEarliest comparable data: 2013 Q229.7%2024 Q3The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Arrests for notifiable offencesarrests1,385,322Year ending March 2010754,046Year ending March 2025−631,276−45.6%Home Office
Average custodial sentence length (indictable offences)monthsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 201622Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
ConvictionsoffendersEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20161,195,840Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Crime Survey estimate of all crime (excluding fraud)incidents9,544,000Year ending March 20104,333,000Year ending March 2026−5,211,000−54.6%ONS
Crime Survey estimate of all crime (including fraud)incidentsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20179,615,000Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Crime Survey estimate of theftincidents4,989,000Year ending March 20102,628,000Year ending March 2026−2,361,000−47.3%ONS
Crime Survey estimate of violenceincidents1,841,000Year ending March 2010989,000Year ending March 2026−852,000−46.3%ONS
Crimes and offences recorded in Scotland per 10,000 peopleper 10,000 populationEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2017568.5Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Scottish Government
Crimes recorded by the police in Northern Irelandcrimes107,951Year ending March 201095,968Year ending March 2025−11,983−11.1%Police Service of Northern Ireland
Crimes recorded by the police in ScotlandcrimesEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2017315,357Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Scottish Government
Crimes recorded in Northern Ireland per 1,000 peopleper 1,000 population60Year ending March 201050Year ending March 2025−10−16.7%Police Service of Northern Ireland
Criminal damage and arson (police-recorded)offences800,645Year ending March 2010456,843Year ending March 2026−343,802−42.9%ONS
Crown Court disposalscasesEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q129,6002026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Crown Court median days from offence to completiondaysEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q13462026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Crown Court receiptscasesEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q129,4262026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Custody ratepercentEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20167.5%Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Drug offences (police-recorded)offences235,584Year ending March 2010231,130Year ending March 2026−4,454−1.9%ONS
Foreign national prison populationpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202510,134June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Homicide (police-recorded)offences620Year ending March 2010499Year ending March 2026−121−19.5%ONS
Immediate custodial sentencesoffendersEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 201689,164Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Magistrates' court open casescasesEarliest comparable data: 2019 Q1370,7222026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Offences involving a knife or sharp instrumentoffencesEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 202048,774Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Police officers (full-time equivalent)officers (FTE)143,734Year ending March 2010145,886Year ending March 2026+2,151.3+1.5%Home Office
Police use of force reportsreportsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021812,447Year ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Police-recorded crime (excluding fraud)offences4,265,036Year ending March 20105,235,213Year ending March 2026+970,177+22.7%ONS
Possession of weapons (police-recorded)offences28,758Year ending March 201062,347Year ending March 2026+33,589+116.8%ONS
Prison population on remandpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202515,386June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Probation caseloadpeopleEarliest comparable data: March 2025258,332March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
ProsecutionsdefendantsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20161,360,615Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Proven reoffending ratepercentEarliest comparable data: 2013 Q229.9%2024 Q3The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Public order offences (police-recorded)offences188,254Year ending March 2010449,426Year ending March 2026+261,172+138.7%ONS
Residential burglary (police-recorded)offencesEarliest comparable data: 1898153,966Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Robbery (police-recorded)offences75,105Year ending March 201087,362Year ending March 2026+12,257+16.3%ONS
Sentenced prison populationpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202570,003June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Sexual offences (police-recorded)offences53,006Year ending March 2010217,567Year ending March 2026+164,561+310.5%ONS
Stop and search arrest ratepercent7.9%Year ending March 201014.9%Year ending March 2025+7.0+7.0 pointsHome Office
Stop and searchessearches1,405,985Year ending March 2010528,582Year ending March 2025−877,403−62.4%Home Office
Theft offences (police-recorded)offences2,132,620Year ending March 20101,637,773Year ending March 2026−494,847−23.2%ONS
Vehicle offences (police-recorded)offences494,873Year ending March 2010312,250Year ending March 2026−182,623−36.9%ONS
Violence against the person (police-recorded)offences699,011Year ending March 20101,962,413Year ending March 2026+1,263,402+180.7%ONS

Migration

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Asylum backlogpeople7,240201040,168Year ending June 2026+32,928+454.8%Home Office
Asylum claimspeople22,644201085,891Year ending June 2026+63,247+279.3%Home Office
Asylum claims from unaccompanied childrenpeople3802010 Q49552026 Q2+575+151.3%Home Office
Asylum grant rate at initial decisionpercent25.7%201038.1%Year ending June 2026+12.5+12.5 pointsHome Office
Asylum grants at initial decisionpeople6,444201042,394Year ending June 2026+35,950+557.9%Home Office
Asylum refusals by nationalitypeople4,5972010 Q412,9702026 Q2+8,373+182.1%Home Office
Asylum seekers accommodated in hotelspeopleEarliest comparable data: 202216,021Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Asylum seekers receiving supportpeople22,689201093,293Year ending June 2026+70,604+311.2%Home Office
Asylum seekers supported in each council areapeopleEarliest comparable data: 2014 Q193,2932026 Q2The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Asylum-related returnsreturns10,563201012,568Year ending June 2026+2,005+19.0%Home Office
Emigrationpeople339,0002010642,0002025+303,000+89.4%ONS
Enforced returnsreturns13,92820109,669Year ending June 2026−4,259−30.6%Home Office
Entry clearance visas granted (all types)visasEarliest comparable data: 20142,932,329Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Entry clearance visas refusedvisas80,3042010 Q4155,4682026 Q2+75,164+93.6%Home Office
Family visas grantedvisas52,309201057,590Year ending June 2026+5,281+10.1%Home Office
Foreign national offender returnsreturns1,3362010 Q41,3822026 Q2+46+3.4%Home Office
Immigrationpeople591,0002010813,0002025+222,000+37.6%ONS
Initial decisions on asylum claimspeople26,4522010115,872Year ending June 2026+89,420+338.0%Home Office
Initial decisions on asylum claims from small boat arrivalsdecisionsEarliest comparable data: 2018 Q26,9082025 Q4The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Modern slavery referral outcomes for small boat arrivalsreferralsEarliest comparable data: 2018 Q32,4862025 Q4The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Net migrationpeople256,0002010171,0002025−85,000−33.2%ONS
People entering immigration detentionentries25,904201022,037Year ending June 2026−3,867−14.9%Home Office
People in immigration detentionpeople2,52520102,152Year ending June 2026−373−14.8%Home Office
People leaving immigration detentionpeople6,5002010 Q44,6912026 Q2−1,809−27.8%Home Office
People offered safe and legal (humanitarian) routespeople5,6032010124,930Year ending June 2026+119,327+2,129.7%Home Office
People resettled in each council areapeopleEarliest comparable data: 2014 Q15692026 Q2The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Returns by destination groupreturns15,1392010 Q414,5942026 Q2−545−3.6%Home Office
Small boat arrivalspeopleEarliest comparable data: 201833,374Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Small boat arrivals (weekly)peopleEarliest comparable data: Week ending 7 January 2018250Week ending 23 August 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Study visas grantedvisas334,7352010385,974Year ending June 2026+51,239+15.3%Home Office
Visitor visas grantedvisasEarliest comparable data: 20142,185,158Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Voluntary returnsreturns31,762201030,936Year ending June 2026−826−2.6%Home Office
Work visas grantedvisas160,7372010234,841Year ending June 2026+74,104+46.1%Home Office

Justice

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Average sentence length of prisoners released from determinate sentencesmonthsEarliest comparable data: 2020302024The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Charge ratepercentEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20248.5%Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Crown Court median waiting timeweeksEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q1112026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Crown Court median waiting time for trialweeksEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q1222026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Crown Court open casescasesEarliest comparable data: 2016 Q180,0612026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Homicides (Homicide Index)offences592Year ending March 2010522Year ending March 2025−70−11.8%ONS

Population

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Great Britain populationpeople60,954,623201067,353,5822024+6,398,959+10.5%ONS
UK populationpeople62,759,456201069,281,4372024+6,521,981+10.4%ONS

Work

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Average weekly pay££4482010 Q4£7532026 Q2+305+68.1%ONS
Average weekly pay, real terms££4652010 Q4£4952026 Q2+30+6.5%ONS
Claimants as a proportion of residents aged 16 to 64percentNot directly comparable: definition break on 2013-04-293.9%July 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2013.ONS
Economic inactivity ratepercent23.5%2010 Q420.9%2026 Q2−2.6−2.6 pointsONS
Economically inactive because of long-term sicknesspeople2,230,0002010 Q42,774,0002026 Q2+544,000+24.4%ONS
Employment ratepercent70.4%2010 Q475.1%2026 Q2+4.7+4.7 pointsONS
Job vacanciesvacancies482,0002010 Q4711,0002026 Q2+229,000+47.5%ONS
Median annual pay, full-time employees, by area of residence£ a year£25,8822010£39,0392025+13,157+50.8%ONS
Median weekly pay, full-time employees, by area of residence£ a week£4992010£7672025+268.1+53.8%ONS
People claiming unemployment-related benefitspeopleNot directly comparable: definition break on 2013-04-291,690,970July 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2013.ONS
People economically inactivepeople9,483,0002010 Q49,111,0002026 Q2−372,000−3.9%ONS
People in employmentpeople29,324,0002010 Q434,469,0002026 Q2+5,145,000+17.5%ONS
People unemployedpeople2,503,0002010 Q41,772,0002026 Q2−731,000−29.2%ONS
Unemployment ratepercent7.9%2010 Q44.9%2026 Q2−3−3.0 pointsONS

Tax

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Capital Gains Tax receipts£ million£2.5bnYear ending March 2010£24.3bnYear ending March 2026+21,819+875.9%HMRC
Central government receipts£ million£43.2bnDecember 2010£104.3bnJuly 2026+61,098+141.3%ONS
Corporation Tax receipts£ million£36.6bnYear ending March 2010£95.1bnYear ending March 2026+58,477+159.7%HMRC
Fuel duty receipts£ million£26.2bnYear ending March 2010£24.6bnYear ending March 2026−1,639−6.3%HMRC
Income Tax receipts£ million£144.9bnYear ending March 2010£326.9bnYear ending March 2026+182,051+125.7%HMRC
Inheritance Tax receipts£ million£2.4bnYear ending March 2010£8.5bnYear ending March 2026+6,083+255.2%HMRC
National Insurance receipts£ million£95.5bnYear ending March 2010£200.8bnYear ending March 2026+105,312+110.3%HMRC
Stamp Duty Land Tax receipts£ million£4.9bnYear ending March 2010£15.2bnYear ending March 2026+10,273+210.3%HMRC
Tobacco duty receipts£ million£8.8bnYear ending March 2010£7.6bnYear ending March 2026−1,246−14.1%HMRC
Total HMRC receipts£ million£414.9bnYear ending March 2010£937.8bnYear ending March 2026+522,843+126.0%HMRC
VAT receipts£ million£70.2bnYear ending March 2010£179.9bnYear ending March 2026+109,701+156.4%HMRC

Public finances

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Borrowing forecasts, £ billion£ billion£159.6bnYear ending March 2010£152.7bnYear ending March 2025−6.9−4.3%OBR
Borrowing forecasts, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP10.2%Year ending March 20105.2%Year ending March 2025−5.0−5.0 pointsOBR
Borrowing since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP10.2%Year ending March 20104.2%Year ending March 2026−6.0−6.0 pointsOBR
Debt forecasts, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP64.4%Year ending March 201093.2%Year ending March 2025+28.8+28.8 pointsOBR
Debt interest forecasts£ billionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2011£85.4bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.OBR
Debt interest paid£ million£5.4bnDecember 2010£10.3bnJuly 2026+4,894+91.1%ONS
Earnings growth forecastsper cent1%20105.1%2024+4.1+4.1 pointsOBR
Employment forecastspeople29,228,500201033,615,5002024+4,387,000+15.0%OBR
GDP growth forecastsper cent2.3%20101.1%2024−1.2−1.2 pointsOBR
House price forecastsper cent5.7%20100.7%2024−5.0−5.0 pointsOBR
Household income forecastsper cent1%20104.1%2024+3.1+3.1 pointsOBR
Income tax forecasts£ billion£147.1bnYear ending March 2010£305.9bnYear ending March 2025+158.8+107.9%OBR
Inflation forecastsper cent3.3%20103.4%2025+0.1+0.1 pointsOBR
National debt since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP64.4%Year ending March 201093.4%Year ending March 2026+29.0+29.0 pointsOBR
National Insurance forecasts£ billion£96.6bnYear ending March 2010£171.4bnYear ending March 2025+74.8+77.4%OBR
Public sector net borrowing£ million-£17.1bnDecember 2010-£1.8bnJuly 2026+15,291+89.5%ONS
Public sector net debt£ billion£1.15tnDecember 2010£2.98tnJuly 2026+1,832.4+159.0%ONS
Public sector net debt as a share of GDPpercent70.1%December 201094.1%July 2026+24+24.0 pointsONS
Public sector receipts since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP35.8%Year ending March 201040.1%Year ending March 2026+4.3+4.3 pointsOBR
Public spending since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP46%Year ending March 201044.3%Year ending March 2026−1.7−1.7 pointsOBR
Receipts forecasts, £ billion£ billion£560.7bnYear ending March 2010£1.14tnYear ending March 2025+578.3+103.1%OBR
Spending forecasts, £ billion£ billion£720.3bnYear ending March 2010£1.29tnYear ending March 2025+571.4+79.3%OBR
Unemployment forecastsper cent7.9%20104.3%2024−3.6−3.6 pointsOBR
VAT forecasts£ billion£73.5bnYear ending March 2010£173.3bnYear ending March 2025+99.7+135.6%OBR
Welfare spending forecasts£ billionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2011£314.8bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.OBR

Spending

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Accounting adjustments£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£132.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Central government current expenditure£ million£54.8bnDecember 2010£97bnJuly 2026+42,219+77.1%ONS
Debt interest as a share of GDPpercent of GDP2.8%Year ending March 20104.2%Year ending March 2026+1.4+1.4 pointsHM Treasury
Defence spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP2.4%Year ending March 20102.1%Year ending March 2026−0.3−0.3 pointsHM Treasury
Education spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP5.6%Year ending March 20104.1%Year ending March 2026−1.5−1.5 pointsHM Treasury
Health spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP7.5%Year ending March 20108.4%Year ending March 2026+0.9+0.9 pointsHM Treasury
Housing spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP1%Year ending March 20100.7%Year ending March 2026−0.3−0.3 pointsHM Treasury
Public order spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP2.2%Year ending March 20101.8%Year ending March 2026−0.4−0.4 pointsHM Treasury
Public sector debt interest, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£67.7bnYear ending March 2010£130.3bnYear ending March 2026+62.6+92.5%HM Treasury
Public sector expenditure on services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.23tnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Social protection spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP14.2%Year ending March 201013.3%Year ending March 2026−0.9−0.9 pointsHM Treasury
Spending on Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on bank of England£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£12.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Broadcasting and publishing services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on central and other health services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on central government debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£96.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Civil defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£64mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Communication£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Community development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Cultural services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on defence£ billion£37.7bnYear ending March 2010£65.4bnYear ending March 2026+27.7+73.5%HM Treasury
Spending on Defence n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£245mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on defence, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£57.6bnYear ending March 2010£65.4bnYear ending March 2026+7.8+13.5%HM Treasury
Spending on economic affairs£ billion£48.6bnYear ending March 2010£94bnYear ending March 2026+45.4+93.4%HM Treasury
Spending on Economic affairs n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£918mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on education£ billion£88.5bnYear ending March 2010£125.7bnYear ending March 2026+37.2+42.0%HM Treasury
Spending on Education n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Education not definable by level£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on education, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£135.2bnYear ending March 2010£125.7bnYear ending March 2026−9.5−7.0%HM Treasury
Spending on environment protection£ billion£10.4bnYear ending March 2010£19.2bnYear ending March 2026+8.8+84.6%HM Treasury
Spending on Environment protection n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family and children£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£35.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Family and children£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£35.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family benefits, income support and tax credits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£17.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family benefits, income support, Universal Credit and tax credits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£84.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on fire protection£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Foreign military aid£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on forestry£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£281mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Fuel and energy£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on General economic, commercial and labour affairs£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£17.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on general public services£ billion£65.2bnYear ending March 2010£165.5bnYear ending March 2026+100.3+153.8%HM Treasury
Spending on General public services n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on General services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on government administration£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£19.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on health£ billion£116.9bnYear ending March 2010£257.5bnYear ending March 2026+140.6+120.3%HM Treasury
Spending on health, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£178.6bnYear ending March 2010£257.5bnYear ending March 2026+78.9+44.2%HM Treasury
Spending on Housing (sub-function)£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£14.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on housing and community amenities£ billion£16.4bnYear ending March 2010£22.5bnYear ending March 2026+6.1+37.2%HM Treasury
Spending on Housing and community amenities n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on housing and community amenities, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£25bnYear ending March 2010£22.5bnYear ending March 2026−2.5−10.0%HM Treasury
Spending on housing development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£14.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on immigration and citizenship£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on incapacity, disability and injury benefits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£66.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on international development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on law courts£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£10bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local authority housing£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£12bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local government debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local public transport£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local roads£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£8.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on market support£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on medical research£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on medical services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£247.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Military defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£58.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Mining, manufacturing and construction£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£312mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on national roads£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on old age£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£172.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other agriculture, food and fisheries policy£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£3.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Other industries£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£302mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other police services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£26.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other social housing£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other transport£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other unemployment benefits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on pensions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£154.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on police services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£31.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Pollution abatement£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Post-secondary non-tertiary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Pre-primary and primary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£43.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on primary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£33.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on prisons£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£8.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Protection of biodiversity and landscape£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£606mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public corporation debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£502mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Public debt transactions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£130.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public order and safety£ billion£34.1bnYear ending March 2010£55.7bnYear ending March 2026+21.6+63.3%HM Treasury
Spending on Public order and safety n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public order and safety, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£52.1bnYear ending March 2010£55.7bnYear ending March 2026+3.6+6.9%HM Treasury
Spending on public sector debt interest£ billion£44.3bnYear ending March 2010£130.3bnYear ending March 2026+86.0+194.1%HM Treasury
Spending on public sector pensions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£19.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D economic affairs£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D environment protection£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£484mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D general public services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£510mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D housing and community amenities£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£9mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D public order and safety£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D recreation, culture and religion£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£107mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on railways£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£26.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on recreation, culture and religion£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£15.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£257mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Recreational and sporting services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£3.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Religious and other community services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£144mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Secondary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£60.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on sickness and disability£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£84.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Social exclusion n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£86.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on social protection£ billion£223bnYear ending March 2010£407.3bnYear ending March 2026+184.3+82.6%HM Treasury
Spending on Social protection n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on social protection, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£340.8bnYear ending March 2010£407.3bnYear ending March 2026+66.5+19.5%HM Treasury
Spending on Street lighting£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Subsidiary services to education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Survivors£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Tertiary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on transport£ billion£22.9bnYear ending March 2010£48.9bnYear ending March 2026+26+113.5%HM Treasury
Spending on Transport (sub-function)£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£48.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on transport, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£35bnYear ending March 2010£48.9bnYear ending March 2026+13.9+39.7%HM Treasury
Spending on under fives£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£9.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on unemployment£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Waste management£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Water supply£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£534mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Total managed expenditure£ billion£720.3bnYear ending March 2010£1.36tnYear ending March 2026+639.8+88.8%HM Treasury
Total managed expenditure as a share of GDPpercent of GDP46%Year ending March 201044.3%Year ending March 2026−1.7−1.7 pointsHM Treasury
Total managed expenditure, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£1.1tnYear ending March 2010£1.36tnYear ending March 2026+259.4+23.6%HM Treasury
Transport spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP1.5%Year ending March 20101.6%Year ending March 2026+0.1+0.1 pointsHM Treasury

Benefits

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Benefit expenditure on pensioners£ million£96.6bnYear ending March 2010£164.9bnYear ending March 2025+68,336.8+70.7%DWP
Benefit expenditure on working-age people£ million£49.4bnYear ending March 2010£119.8bnYear ending March 2025+70,369.0+142.4%DWP
Carer's Allowance caseloadpeople961,000Year ending March 20101,325,000Year ending March 2025+364,000+37.9%DWP
Carer's Allowance expenditure£ million£1.5bnYear ending March 2010£4.2bnYear ending March 2025+2,744.4+183.6%DWP
Disability benefits caseloadpeople4,909,000Year ending March 20106,531,000Year ending March 2025+1,622,000+33.0%DWP
Disability benefits expenditure£ million£16.7bnYear ending March 2010£41.7bnYear ending March 2025+25,034.3+150.3%DWP
Housing support caseloadhouseholds4,547,000Year ending March 20102,072,000Year ending March 2025−2,475,000−54.4%DWP
Housing support expenditure£ million£20bnYear ending March 2010£36bnYear ending March 2025+16,028.5+80.2%DWP
Incapacity benefits caseloadpeople2,662,000Year ending March 20103,549,000Year ending March 2025+887,000+33.3%DWP
Incapacity benefits expenditure£ million£13.3bnYear ending March 2010£29.7bnYear ending March 2025+16,436.5+123.9%DWP
Net social benefits paid£ million£16.4bnDecember 2010£29.8bnJuly 2026+13,333+81.1%ONS
Pension Credit expenditure£ million£8.1bnYear ending March 2010£6bnYear ending March 2025−2,121.2−26.1%DWP
State Pension caseloadpeople12,410,000Year ending March 201012,987,000Year ending March 2025+577,000+4.6%DWP
State Pension expenditure£ million£66.9bnYear ending March 2010£136.6bnYear ending March 2025+69,688.5+104.2%DWP
Total benefit expenditure£ million£148.1bnYear ending March 2010£289.3bnYear ending March 2025+141,201.0+95.3%DWP
Total benefit expenditure, real terms£ million£230.3bnYear ending March 2010£304.7bnYear ending March 2025+74,330.5+32.3%DWP
Universal Credit and equivalents, expenditure£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2020£90bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DWP
Universal Credit caseloadhouseholdsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20205,473,000Year ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DWP

Housing

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Average house price££155,405December 2010£272,188June 2026+116,783+75.1%HM Land Registry
Average private rent a month£ a monthEarliest comparable data: January 2015£1,393July 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.ONS
House price annual changepercent0.4%December 20102%June 2026+1.6+1.6 pointsHM Land Registry
New social housing lettingslettings335,400Year ending March 2010262,944Year ending March 2025−72,456−21.6%MHCLG
Private rent annual changepercentEarliest comparable data: January 20163.7%July 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.ONS

Health

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
A&E attendancesattendancesNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2015-06-012,487,580July 2026Earliest comparable data: August 2020.NHS England
A&E four-hour standard% of attendancesNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2015-06-0175.4%July 2026Earliest comparable data: June 2023.NHS England
Emergency admissionsadmissionsNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2015-06-01547,828July 2026Earliest comparable data: June 2015.NHS England
NHS waiting list (incomplete treatment pathways)incomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-017,272,291June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
NHS waiting list within 18 weeks% of incomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-0165.8%June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
NHS waits of more than a yearincomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-01105,711June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
Twelve-hour trolley waitspatientsNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2015-06-0147,438July 2026Earliest comparable data: June 2015.NHS England

Education

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Apprenticeship achievementsachievementsEarliest comparable data: 2017/18 academic year146,2102025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Apprenticeship startsstartsEarliest comparable data: 2017/18 academic year308,7702025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Average Attainment 8 scorepointsEarliest comparable data: 2018/19 academic year46.12024/25 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Average primary class sizepupilsEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year26.12025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Average secondary class sizepupilsEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year22.62025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Persistent absencepercent17.4%2009/10 academic year18.1%2024/25 academic year+0.7+0.7 pointsDepartment for Education
Pupils in primary school classespupilsEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year3,974,1322025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Pupils in secondary school classespupilsEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year3,359,9272025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Pupils on SEN support, sharepercentEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year14.8%2025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Pupils persistently absentpupils1,113,4562009/10 academic year1,340,4372024/25 academic year+226,981+20.4%Department for Education
Pupils with an education, health and care planpupilsEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year538,5472025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Pupils with an EHC plan, sharepercentEarliest comparable data: 2015/16 academic year6%2025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Severe absencepercent0.7%2009/10 academic year2.4%2024/25 academic year+1.7+1.7 pointsDepartment for Education
Young people NEET, numberpeople933,0462010839,8932025−93,152.6−10.0%Department for Education
Young people not in education, employment or trainingpercent15.6%201013.3%2025−2.2−2.2 pointsDepartment for Education

Energy

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Average annual electricity bill£ a yearEarliest comparable data: 2014£1,0692025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DESNZ
Average annual gas bill£ a yearEarliest comparable data: 2014£8342025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DESNZ
Diesel pump pricepence a litre126.5pWeek beginning 20 December 2010183.5pWeek beginning 31 August 2026+57.0+45.0%DESNZ
Mean domestic electricity consumption per meterkWh a yearEarliest comparable data: 20123,3232024The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DESNZ
Mean domestic gas consumption per meterkWh a yearEarliest comparable data: 201211,3592024The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.DESNZ
Petrol pump pricepence a litre122.3pWeek beginning 20 December 2010161.6pWeek beginning 31 August 2026+39.3+32.1%DESNZ

Transport

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Licensed carscarsEarliest comparable data: 2014 Q334,627,4142026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Transport
Licensed vehiclesvehiclesEarliest comparable data: 2014 Q342,448,4812026 Q1The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.Department for Transport
Road casualties of all severitiescasualties208,6482010127,8832025−80,765−38.7%Department for Transport
Road deathsdeaths1,85020101,5382025−312−16.9%Department for Transport

Local government

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Adult social care precept in the average Band D bill£ a yearEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2023£34Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Adult social care precept, total raised in England£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2023£653.6mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Average Band D council tax£ a yearEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2012£2,280Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Band D council tax in Scotland£ a year£1,149Year ending March 2010£1,543Year ending March 2026+394.4+34.3%Scottish Government
Change in average Band D council taxpercentEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20125%Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Council investments held£ millionEarliest comparable data: 2020 Q2£47.6bn2026 Q2The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Council spending on services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£134.2bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Earmarked council reserves£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£25bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Outstanding council borrowing£ million£70.1bn2010 Q1£154.2bn2026 Q2+84,135.9+120.1%MHCLG
Unallocated council reserves£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£5.4bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2010; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG

Economy

Series2010LatestChange% or pointsSince 2010Source
Consumer Prices Indexindex91.2December 2010142.9July 2026+51.7+56.7%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics (division 02)index76.7December 2010159.9July 2026+83.2+108.5%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: clothing and footwear (division 03)index97.9December 2010117.7July 2026+19.8+20.2%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: communication (division 08)index87.2December 2010149.6July 2026+62.4+71.6%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: education (division 10)index64.7December 2010152.7July 2026+88.0+136.0%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: food and non-alcoholic beverages (division 01)index94.6December 2010144July 2026+49.4+52.2%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: furniture, household equipment and routine maintenance (division 05)index94.3December 2010126.3July 2026+32+33.9%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: health (division 06)index88.6December 2010143.9July 2026+55.3+62.4%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (division 04)index85.3December 2010153.2July 2026+67.9+79.6%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: miscellaneous goods and services (division 12)index95.2December 2010126.6July 2026+31.4+33.0%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: recreation and culture (division 09)index99.2December 2010136.3July 2026+37.1+37.4%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: restaurants and hotels (division 11)index87.7December 2010157July 2026+69.3+79.0%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: transport (division 07)index94.5December 2010146.1July 2026+51.6+54.6%ONS
CPI inflation ratepercent3.7%December 20102.9%July 2026−0.8−0.8 pointsONS
CPIH inflation ratepercent3.1%December 20103.1%July 202600.0 pointsONS
GDP per head, real terms££8,9802010 Q4£10,2342026 Q2+1,254+14.0%ONS
Gross domestic product, real terms£ million£565.9bn2010 Q4£712.5bn2026 Q2+146,600+25.9%ONS
Real household disposable income£ million£368.6bn2010 Q4£454.4bn2026 Q1+85,735+23.3%ONS
RPI inflation ratepercent4.8%December 20103.2%July 2026−1.6−1.6 pointsONS

How this page is made

The 2010 figure is the last period the publisher published that ends in 2010: the calendar year for an annual series, December for a monthly one, the financial year ending in March 2010 where that is how the series is published; the row names the period used. A rate stated in percent is compared in percentage points. Money is in cash terms unless the publisher adjusted it. A series that begins after 2010 is listed with its earliest comparable period rather than stretched back; a series with a methodology break between the two dates is not compared across it. Forecast periods are excluded.

Related: what is changing over one year · through time · indexed comparison · for one area, its report card carries the same comparison from the year you choose.