210 series compared · 127 listed without a comparison

Britain since 2016

Every national series with a figure for 2016 and a latest figure, side by side: the change in the series’ own unit and in percent or percentage points, and the periods between. Of the 210 series compared, 171 are higher than in 2016 and 39 lower.

20002005201020152016201920202024

Crime

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Adult proven reoffending ratepercent28.6%2016 Q429.7%2024 Q3+1.2+1.2 pointsMinistry of Justice
Arrests for notifiable offencesarrests879,570Year ending March 2016754,046Year ending March 2025−125,524−14.3%Home Office
Average custodial sentence length (indictable offences)months19Year ending March 201622Year ending March 2026+3.1+16.1%Ministry of Justice
ConvictionsoffendersNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2017-04-011,195,840Year ending March 2026Earliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018.Ministry of Justice
Crime Survey estimate of all crime (excluding fraud)incidents6,529,000Year ending March 20164,333,000Year ending March 2026−2,196,000−33.6%ONS
Crime Survey estimate of all crime (including fraud)incidentsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20179,615,000Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Crime Survey estimate of theftincidents3,698,000Year ending March 20162,628,000Year ending March 2026−1,070,000−28.9%ONS
Crime Survey estimate of violenceincidents1,468,000Year ending March 2016989,000Year ending March 2026−479,000−32.6%ONS
Crimes and offences recorded in Scotland per 10,000 peopleper 10,000 populationEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2017568.5Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Scottish Government
Crimes recorded by the police in Northern Irelandcrimes104,930Year ending March 201695,968Year ending March 2025−8,962−8.5%Police Service of Northern Ireland
Crimes recorded by the police in ScotlandcrimesEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2017315,357Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Scottish Government
Crimes recorded in Northern Ireland per 1,000 peopleper 1,000 population57Year ending March 201650Year ending March 2025−7−12.3%Police Service of Northern Ireland
Criminal damage and arson (police-recorded)offences540,800Year ending March 2016456,843Year ending March 2026−83,957−15.5%ONS
Crown Court disposalscases27,4022016 Q429,6002026 Q1+2,198+8.0%Ministry of Justice
Crown Court median days from offence to completiondays2492016 Q43462026 Q1+97+39.0%Ministry of Justice
Crown Court receiptscases27,2222016 Q429,4262026 Q1+2,204+8.1%Ministry of Justice
Custody ratepercent7.2%Year ending March 20167.5%Year ending March 2026+0.3+0.3 pointsMinistry of Justice
Drug offences (police-recorded)offences149,726Year ending March 2016231,130Year ending March 2026+81,404+54.4%ONS
Foreign national prison populationpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202510,134June 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Homicide (police-recorded)offences577Year ending March 2016499Year ending March 2026−78−13.5%ONS
Immediate custodial sentencesoffendersNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2017-04-0189,164Year ending March 2026Earliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018.Ministry of Justice
Magistrates' court open casescasesEarliest comparable data: 2019 Q1370,7222026 Q1The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Offences involving a knife or sharp instrumentoffencesEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 202048,774Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Police officers (full-time equivalent)officers (FTE)124,066Year ending March 2016145,886Year ending March 2026+21,819.4+17.6%Home Office
Police use of force reportsreportsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021812,447Year ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Police-recorded crime (excluding fraud)offences3,898,526Year ending March 20165,235,213Year ending March 2026+1,336,687+34.3%ONS
Possession of weapons (police-recorded)offences25,835Year ending March 201662,347Year ending March 2026+36,512+141.3%ONS
Prison population on remandpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202515,386June 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Probation caseloadpeopleEarliest comparable data: March 2025258,332March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
ProsecutionsdefendantsNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2017-04-011,360,615Year ending March 2026Earliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018.Ministry of Justice
Proven reoffending ratepercent29.4%2016 Q429.9%2024 Q3+0.4+0.4 pointsMinistry of Justice
Public order offences (police-recorded)offences205,247Year ending March 2016449,426Year ending March 2026+244,179+119.0%ONS
Residential burglary (police-recorded)offencesEarliest comparable data: 1898153,966Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.ONS
Robbery (police-recorded)offences51,234Year ending March 201687,362Year ending March 2026+36,128+70.5%ONS
Sentenced prison populationpeopleEarliest comparable data: June 202570,003June 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Sexual offences (police-recorded)offences107,326Year ending March 2016217,567Year ending March 2026+110,241+102.7%ONS
Stop and search arrest ratepercent15.7%Year ending March 201614.9%Year ending March 2025−0.8−0.8 pointsHome Office
Stop and searchessearches383,595Year ending March 2016528,582Year ending March 2025+144,987+37.8%Home Office
Theft offences (police-recorded)offences1,762,925Year ending March 20161,637,773Year ending March 2026−125,152−7.1%ONS
Vehicle offences (police-recorded)offences366,689Year ending March 2016312,250Year ending March 2026−54,439−14.8%ONS
Violence against the person (police-recorded)offences991,624Year ending March 20161,962,413Year ending March 2026+970,789+97.9%ONS

Migration

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Asylum backlogpeople27,857201640,168Year ending June 2026+12,311+44.2%Home Office
Asylum claimspeople39,357201685,891Year ending June 2026+46,534+118.2%Home Office
Asylum claims from unaccompanied childrenpeople1,1762016 Q49552026 Q2−221−18.8%Home Office
Asylum grant rate at initial decisionpercent34%201638.1%Year ending June 2026+4.1+4.1 pointsHome Office
Asylum grants at initial decisionpeople9,944201642,394Year ending June 2026+32,450+326.3%Home Office
Asylum refusals by nationalitypeople5,1152016 Q412,9702026 Q2+7,855+153.6%Home Office
Asylum seekers accommodated in hotelspeopleEarliest comparable data: 202216,021Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Asylum seekers receiving supportpeople45,152201693,293Year ending June 2026+48,141+106.6%Home Office
Asylum seekers supported in each council areapeople45,1522016 Q493,2932026 Q2+48,141+106.6%Home Office
Asylum-related returnsreturns5,116201612,568Year ending June 2026+7,452+145.7%Home Office
Emigrationpeople523,0002016642,0002025+119,000+22.8%ONS
Enforced returnsreturns11,90320169,669Year ending June 2026−2,234−18.8%Home Office
Entry clearance visas granted (all types)visas2,478,97320162,932,329Year ending June 2026+453,356+18.3%Home Office
Entry clearance visas refusedvisas87,8322016 Q4155,4682026 Q2+67,636+77.0%Home Office
Family visas grantedvisas37,781201657,590Year ending June 2026+19,809+52.4%Home Office
Foreign national offender returnsreturns1,5682016 Q41,3822026 Q2−186−11.9%Home Office
Immigrationpeople772,0002016813,0002025+41,000+5.3%ONS
Initial decisions on asylum claimspeople31,0112016115,872Year ending June 2026+84,861+273.6%Home Office
Initial decisions on asylum claims from small boat arrivalsdecisionsEarliest comparable data: 2018 Q26,9082025 Q4The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Modern slavery referral outcomes for small boat arrivalsreferralsEarliest comparable data: 2018 Q32,4862025 Q4The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Net migrationpeople249,0002016171,0002025−78,000−31.3%ONS
People entering immigration detentionentries28,903201622,037Year ending June 2026−6,866−23.8%Home Office
People in immigration detentionpeople2,73820162,152Year ending June 2026−586−21.4%Home Office
People leaving immigration detentionpeople7,0792016 Q44,6912026 Q2−2,388−33.7%Home Office
People offered safe and legal (humanitarian) routespeople11,2512016124,930Year ending June 2026+113,679+1,010.4%Home Office
People resettled in each council areapeople1,3232016 Q45692026 Q2−754−57.0%Home Office
Returns by destination groupreturns14,1332016 Q414,5942026 Q2+461+3.3%Home Office
Small boat arrivalspeopleEarliest comparable data: 201833,374Year ending June 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Small boat arrivals (weekly)peopleEarliest comparable data: Week ending 7 January 2018250Week ending 23 August 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Study visas grantedvisas294,4542016385,974Year ending June 2026+91,520+31.1%Home Office
Visitor visas grantedvisas1,902,72820162,185,158Year ending June 2026+282,430+14.8%Home Office
Voluntary returnsreturns28,474201630,936Year ending June 2026+2,462+8.6%Home Office
Work visas grantedvisas163,9222016234,841Year ending June 2026+70,919+43.3%Home Office

Justice

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Average sentence length of prisoners released from determinate sentencesmonthsEarliest comparable data: 2020302024The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Ministry of Justice
Charge ratepercentEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20248.5%Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Home Office
Crown Court median waiting timeweeks92016 Q4112026 Q1+1.4+15.6%Ministry of Justice
Crown Court median waiting time for trialweeks172016 Q4222026 Q1+4.4+25.8%Ministry of Justice
Crown Court open casescases43,1102016 Q480,0612026 Q1+36,951+85.7%Ministry of Justice
Homicides (Homicide Index)offences538Year ending March 2016522Year ending March 2025−16−3.0%ONS

Population

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Great Britain populationpeople63,739,799201667,353,5822024+3,613,783+5.7%ONS
UK populationpeople65,605,841201669,281,4372024+3,675,596+5.6%ONS

Work

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Average weekly pay££4972016 Q4£7532026 Q2+256+51.5%ONS
Average weekly pay, real terms££4592016 Q4£4952026 Q2+36+7.8%ONS
Claimants as a proportion of residents aged 16 to 64percent1.8%December 20163.9%July 2026+2.1+2.1 pointsONS
Economic inactivity ratepercent21.7%2016 Q420.9%2026 Q2−0.8−0.8 pointsONS
Economically inactive because of long-term sicknesspeople1,959,0002016 Q42,774,0002026 Q2+815,000+41.6%ONS
Employment ratepercent74.5%2016 Q475.1%2026 Q2+0.6+0.6 pointsONS
Job vacanciesvacancies753,0002016 Q4711,0002026 Q2−42,000−5.6%ONS
Median annual pay, full-time employees, by area of residence£ a year£28,1952016£39,0392025+10,844+38.5%ONS
Median weekly pay, full-time employees, by area of residence£ a week£5392016£7672025+228+42.3%ONS
People claiming unemployment-related benefitspeople747,420December 20161,690,970July 2026+943,550+126.2%ONS
People economically inactivepeople8,945,0002016 Q49,111,0002026 Q2+166,000+1.9%ONS
People in employmentpeople31,914,0002016 Q434,469,0002026 Q2+2,555,000+8.0%ONS
People unemployedpeople1,587,0002016 Q41,772,0002026 Q2+185,000+11.7%ONS
Unemployment ratepercent4.7%2016 Q44.9%2026 Q2+0.2+0.2 pointsONS

Tax

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Capital Gains Tax receipts£ million£7.1bnYear ending March 2016£24.3bnYear ending March 2026+17,250+244.3%HMRC
Central government receipts£ million£55.6bnDecember 2016£104.3bnJuly 2026+48,786+87.8%ONS
Corporation Tax receipts£ million£43bnYear ending March 2016£95.1bnYear ending March 2026+52,089+121.1%HMRC
Fuel duty receipts£ million£27.6bnYear ending March 2016£24.6bnYear ending March 2026−3,065−11.1%HMRC
Income Tax receipts£ million£168.5bnYear ending March 2016£326.9bnYear ending March 2026+158,481+94.1%HMRC
Inheritance Tax receipts£ million£4.7bnYear ending March 2016£8.5bnYear ending March 2026+3,817+82.1%HMRC
National Insurance receipts£ million£113.7bnYear ending March 2016£200.8bnYear ending March 2026+87,128+76.6%HMRC
Stamp Duty Land Tax receipts£ million£10.7bnYear ending March 2016£15.2bnYear ending March 2026+4,477+41.9%HMRC
Tobacco duty receipts£ million£9.5bnYear ending March 2016£7.6bnYear ending March 2026−1,918−20.2%HMRC
Total HMRC receipts£ million£532.5bnYear ending March 2016£937.8bnYear ending March 2026+405,259+76.1%HMRC
VAT receipts£ million£114.9bnYear ending March 2016£179.9bnYear ending March 2026+64,920+56.5%HMRC

Public finances

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Borrowing forecasts, £ billion£ billion£80.7bnYear ending March 2016£152.7bnYear ending March 2025+72.0+89.3%OBR
Borrowing forecasts, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP4.2%Year ending March 20165.2%Year ending March 2025+1.1+1.1 pointsOBR
Borrowing since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP4.2%Year ending March 20164.2%Year ending March 2026+0.1+0.1 pointsOBR
Debt forecasts, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP80.6%Year ending March 201693.2%Year ending March 2025+12.6+12.6 pointsOBR
Debt interest forecasts£ billion£46.4bnYear ending March 2016£85.4bnYear ending March 2025+39.0+84.2%OBR
Debt interest paid£ million£3.8bnDecember 2016£10.3bnJuly 2026+6,437+168.0%ONS
Earnings growth forecastsper cent2.5%20165.1%2024+2.6+2.6 pointsOBR
Employment forecastspeople31,810,250201633,615,5002024+1,805,250+5.7%OBR
GDP growth forecastsper cent2.2%20161.1%2024−1.1−1.1 pointsOBR
House price forecastsper cent7%20160.7%2024−6.3−6.3 pointsOBR
Household income forecastsper cent0.7%20164.1%2024+3.4+3.4 pointsOBR
Income tax forecasts£ billion£168.9bnYear ending March 2016£305.9bnYear ending March 2025+137.0+81.1%OBR
Inflation forecastsper cent0.7%20163.4%2025+2.7+2.7 pointsOBR
National debt since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP80.6%Year ending March 201693.4%Year ending March 2026+12.8+12.8 pointsOBR
National Insurance forecasts£ billion£114.1bnYear ending March 2016£171.4bnYear ending March 2025+57.3+50.3%OBR
Public sector net borrowing£ million-£5.3bnDecember 2016-£1.8bnJuly 2026+3,505+66.1%ONS
Public sector net debt£ billion£1.69tnDecember 2016£2.98tnJuly 2026+1,294.2+76.5%ONS
Public sector net debt as a share of GDPpercent82.5%December 201694.1%July 2026+11.6+11.6 pointsONS
Public sector receipts since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP36.7%Year ending March 201640.1%Year ending March 2026+3.4+3.4 pointsOBR
Public spending since 1900, per cent of GDPper cent of GDP40.8%Year ending March 201644.3%Year ending March 2026+3.5+3.5 pointsOBR
Receipts forecasts, £ billion£ billion£713bnYear ending March 2016£1.14tnYear ending March 2025+426.1+59.8%OBR
Spending forecasts, £ billion£ billion£793.7bnYear ending March 2016£1.29tnYear ending March 2025+498.1+62.8%OBR
Unemployment forecastsper cent4.9%20164.3%2024−0.6−0.6 pointsOBR
VAT forecasts£ billion£116.2bnYear ending March 2016£173.3bnYear ending March 2025+57.1+49.2%OBR
Welfare spending forecasts£ billion£216.3bnYear ending March 2016£314.8bnYear ending March 2025+98.4+45.5%OBR

Spending

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Accounting adjustments£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£132.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Central government current expenditure£ million£55.6bnDecember 2016£97bnJuly 2026+41,399+74.5%ONS
Debt interest as a share of GDPpercent of GDP2.8%Year ending March 20164.2%Year ending March 2026+1.4+1.4 pointsHM Treasury
Defence spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP1.9%Year ending March 20162.1%Year ending March 2026+0.2+0.2 pointsHM Treasury
Education spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP4.4%Year ending March 20164.1%Year ending March 2026−0.3−0.3 pointsHM Treasury
Health spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP7.1%Year ending March 20168.4%Year ending March 2026+1.3+1.3 pointsHM Treasury
Housing spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP0.5%Year ending March 20160.7%Year ending March 2026+0.2+0.2 pointsHM Treasury
Public order spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP1.6%Year ending March 20161.8%Year ending March 2026+0.2+0.2 pointsHM Treasury
Public sector debt interest, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£76.1bnYear ending March 2016£130.3bnYear ending March 2026+54.2+71.2%HM Treasury
Public sector expenditure on services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.23tnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Social protection spending as a share of GDPpercent of GDP13.6%Year ending March 201613.3%Year ending March 2026−0.3−0.3 pointsHM Treasury
Spending on Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on bank of England£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£12.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Broadcasting and publishing services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on central and other health services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on central government debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£96.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Civil defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£64mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Communication£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Community development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Cultural services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on defence£ billion£36.6bnYear ending March 2016£65.4bnYear ending March 2026+28.8+78.7%HM Treasury
Spending on Defence n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£245mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on defence, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£50.8bnYear ending March 2016£65.4bnYear ending March 2026+14.6+28.7%HM Treasury
Spending on economic affairs£ billion£46.9bnYear ending March 2016£94bnYear ending March 2026+47.1+100.4%HM Treasury
Spending on Economic affairs n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£918mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on education£ billion£84.9bnYear ending March 2016£125.7bnYear ending March 2026+40.8+48.1%HM Treasury
Spending on Education n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Education not definable by level£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on education, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£117.8bnYear ending March 2016£125.7bnYear ending March 2026+7.9+6.7%HM Treasury
Spending on environment protection£ billion£11.6bnYear ending March 2016£19.2bnYear ending March 2026+7.6+65.5%HM Treasury
Spending on Environment protection n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family and children£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£35.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Family and children£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£35.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family benefits, income support and tax credits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£17.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on family benefits, income support, Universal Credit and tax credits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£84.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on fire protection£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Foreign military aid£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on forestry£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£281mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Fuel and energy£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on General economic, commercial and labour affairs£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£17.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on general public services£ billion£76.4bnYear ending March 2016£165.5bnYear ending March 2026+89.1+116.6%HM Treasury
Spending on General public services n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on General services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on government administration£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£19.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on health£ billion£138.5bnYear ending March 2016£257.5bnYear ending March 2026+119+85.9%HM Treasury
Spending on health, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£192.1bnYear ending March 2016£257.5bnYear ending March 2026+65.4+34.0%HM Treasury
Spending on Housing (sub-function)£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£14.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on housing and community amenities£ billion£9.9bnYear ending March 2016£22.5bnYear ending March 2026+12.6+127.3%HM Treasury
Spending on Housing and community amenities n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on housing and community amenities, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£13.7bnYear ending March 2016£22.5bnYear ending March 2026+8.8+64.2%HM Treasury
Spending on housing development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£14.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on immigration and citizenship£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on incapacity, disability and injury benefits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£66.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on international development£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on law courts£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£10bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local authority housing£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£12bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local government debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local public transport£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£5.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on local roads£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£8.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on market support£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on medical research£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on medical services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£247.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Military defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£58.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Mining, manufacturing and construction£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£312mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on national roads£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£6.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on old age£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£172.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other agriculture, food and fisheries policy£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£3.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Other industries£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£302mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other police services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£26.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other social housing£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other transport£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on other unemployment benefits£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on pensions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£154.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on police services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£31.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Pollution abatement£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Post-secondary non-tertiary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Pre-primary and primary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£43.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on primary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£33.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on prisons£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£8.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Protection of biodiversity and landscape£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£606mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public corporation debt interest£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£502mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Public debt transactions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£130.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public order and safety£ billion£30.2bnYear ending March 2016£55.7bnYear ending March 2026+25.5+84.4%HM Treasury
Spending on Public order and safety n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on public order and safety, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£41.9bnYear ending March 2016£55.7bnYear ending March 2026+13.8+32.9%HM Treasury
Spending on public sector debt interest£ billion£54.9bnYear ending March 2016£130.3bnYear ending March 2026+75.4+137.3%HM Treasury
Spending on public sector pensions£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£19.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D defence£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D economic affairs£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£2.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D environment protection£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£484mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D general public services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£510mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D housing and community amenities£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£9mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D public order and safety£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on R&D recreation, culture and religion£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£107mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on railways£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£26.5bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on recreation, culture and religion£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£15.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£257mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Recreational and sporting services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£3.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Religious and other community services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£144mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Secondary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£60.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on sickness and disability£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£84.3bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Social exclusion n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£86.8bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on social protection£ billion£264.9bnYear ending March 2016£407.3bnYear ending March 2026+142.4+53.8%HM Treasury
Spending on Social protection n.e.c.£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.2bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on social protection, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£367.5bnYear ending March 2016£407.3bnYear ending March 2026+39.8+10.8%HM Treasury
Spending on Street lighting£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.1bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Subsidiary services to education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£7bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Survivors£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Tertiary education£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£4.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on transport£ billion£27.8bnYear ending March 2016£48.9bnYear ending March 2026+21.1+75.9%HM Treasury
Spending on Transport (sub-function)£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£48.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on transport, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£38.6bnYear ending March 2016£48.9bnYear ending March 2026+10.3+26.7%HM Treasury
Spending on under fives£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£9.6bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on unemployment£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£1.4bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Waste management£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£11.9bnYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Spending on Water supply£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2021£534mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.HM Treasury
Total managed expenditure£ billion£793.7bnYear ending March 2016£1.36tnYear ending March 2026+566.4+71.4%HM Treasury
Total managed expenditure as a share of GDPpercent of GDP40.8%Year ending March 201644.3%Year ending March 2026+3.5+3.5 pointsHM Treasury
Total managed expenditure, real terms£ billion, 2024-25 prices£1.1tnYear ending March 2016£1.36tnYear ending March 2026+259.1+23.5%HM Treasury
Transport spending as a share of GDPper cent of GDP1.4%Year ending March 20161.6%Year ending March 2026+0.2+0.2 pointsHM Treasury

Benefits

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Benefit expenditure on pensioners£ million£116.2bnYear ending March 2016£164.9bnYear ending March 2025+48,725.5+41.9%DWP
Benefit expenditure on working-age people£ million£53.8bnYear ending March 2016£119.8bnYear ending March 2025+66,031.0+122.8%DWP
Carer's Allowance caseloadpeople1,170,000Year ending March 20161,325,000Year ending March 2025+155,000+13.2%DWP
Carer's Allowance expenditure£ million£2.5bnYear ending March 2016£4.2bnYear ending March 2025+1,693.9+66.5%DWP
Disability benefits caseloadpeople5,212,000Year ending March 20166,531,000Year ending March 2025+1,319,000+25.3%DWP
Disability benefits expenditure£ million£21.8bnYear ending March 2016£41.7bnYear ending March 2025+19,865.6+91.0%DWP
Housing support caseloadhouseholds4,777,000Year ending March 20162,072,000Year ending March 2025−2,705,000−56.6%DWP
Housing support expenditure£ million£24.2bnYear ending March 2016£36bnYear ending March 2025+11,774.0+48.6%DWP
Incapacity benefits caseloadpeople2,543,000Year ending March 20163,549,000Year ending March 2025+1,006,000+39.6%DWP
Incapacity benefits expenditure£ million£15.1bnYear ending March 2016£29.7bnYear ending March 2025+14,651.6+97.3%DWP
Net social benefits paid£ million£18.8bnDecember 2016£29.8bnJuly 2026+10,932+58.0%ONS
Pension Credit expenditure£ million£6.1bnYear ending March 2016£6bnYear ending March 2025−71.0−1.2%DWP
State Pension caseloadpeople12,957,000Year ending March 201612,987,000Year ending March 2025+30,000+0.2%DWP
State Pension expenditure£ million£89.4bnYear ending March 2016£136.6bnYear ending March 2025+47,216.5+52.8%DWP
Total benefit expenditure£ million£171.9bnYear ending March 2016£289.3bnYear ending March 2025+117,405.9+68.3%DWP
Total benefit expenditure, real terms£ million£242.7bnYear ending March 2016£304.7bnYear ending March 2025+61,971.1+25.5%DWP
Universal Credit and equivalents, expenditure£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2020£90bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.DWP
Universal Credit caseloadhouseholdsEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 20205,473,000Year ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.DWP

Housing

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Average house price££198,513December 2016£272,188June 2026+73,675+37.1%HM Land Registry
Average private rent a month£ a month£970December 2016£1,393July 2026+423+43.6%ONS
House price annual changepercent5.2%December 20162%June 2026−3.2−3.2 pointsHM Land Registry
New social housing lettingslettings372,974Year ending March 2016262,944Year ending March 2025−110,030−29.5%MHCLG
Private rent annual changepercent3.4%December 20163.7%July 2026+0.3+0.3 pointsONS

Health

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
A&E attendancesattendancesNot directly comparable: definition break on 2020-08-012,487,580July 2026Earliest comparable data: August 2020.NHS England
A&E four-hour standard% of attendancesNot directly comparable: coverage break on 2019-05-0175.4%July 2026Earliest comparable data: June 2023.NHS England
Emergency admissionsadmissions497,915December 2016547,828July 2026+49,913+10.0%NHS England
NHS waiting list (incomplete treatment pathways)incomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-017,272,291June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
NHS waiting list within 18 weeks% of incomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-0165.8%June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
NHS waits of more than a yearincomplete pathwaysNot directly comparable: methodology break on 2021-04-01105,711June 2026Earliest comparable data: April 2021.NHS England
Twelve-hour trolley waitspatients553December 201647,438July 2026+46,885+8,478.3%NHS England

Education

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Apprenticeship achievementsachievementsEarliest comparable data: 2017/18 academic year146,2102025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Apprenticeship startsstartsEarliest comparable data: 2017/18 academic year308,7702025/26 academic yearThe series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Average Attainment 8 scorepointsEarliest comparable data: 2018/19 academic year46.12024/25 academic yearThe series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.Department for Education
Average primary class sizepupils27.12015/16 academic year26.12025/26 academic year−1.0−3.5%Department for Education
Average secondary class sizepupils20.42015/16 academic year22.62025/26 academic year+2.2+11.0%Department for Education
Persistent absencepercent10.5%2015/16 academic year18.1%2024/25 academic year+7.6+7.6 pointsDepartment for Education
Pupils in primary school classespupils4,193,1802015/16 academic year3,974,1322025/26 academic year−219,048−5.2%Department for Education
Pupils in secondary school classespupils2,963,3592015/16 academic year3,359,9272025/26 academic year+396,568+13.4%Department for Education
Pupils on SEN support, sharepercent11.6%2015/16 academic year14.8%2025/26 academic year+3.2+3.2 pointsDepartment for Education
Pupils persistently absentpupils707,3902015/16 academic year1,340,4372024/25 academic year+633,047+89.5%Department for Education
Pupils with an education, health and care planpupils236,8062015/16 academic year538,5472025/26 academic year+301,741+127.4%Department for Education
Pupils with an EHC plan, sharepercent2.8%2015/16 academic year6%2025/26 academic year+3.3+3.3 pointsDepartment for Education
Severe absencepercent0.6%2015/16 academic year2.4%2024/25 academic year+1.8+1.8 pointsDepartment for Education
Young people NEET, numberpeople668,4112016839,8932025+171,482.1+25.7%Department for Education
Young people not in education, employment or trainingpercent11.3%201613.3%2025+2.1+2.1 pointsDepartment for Education

Energy

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Average annual electricity bill£ a year£5312016£1,0692025+538.2+101.3%DESNZ
Average annual gas bill£ a year£5072016£8342025+327.2+64.5%DESNZ
Diesel pump pricepence a litre118.6pWeek beginning 19 December 2016183.5pWeek beginning 31 August 2026+64.9+54.7%DESNZ
Mean domestic electricity consumption per meterkWh a year3,84020163,3232024−517.2−13.5%DESNZ
Mean domestic gas consumption per meterkWh a year13,331201611,3592024−1,971.3−14.8%DESNZ
Petrol pump pricepence a litre115pWeek beginning 19 December 2016161.6pWeek beginning 31 August 2026+46.6+40.5%DESNZ

Transport

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Licensed carscars31,792,2592016 Q434,627,4142026 Q1+2,835,155+8.9%Department for Transport
Licensed vehiclesvehicles38,388,2142016 Q442,448,4812026 Q1+4,060,267+10.6%Department for Transport
Road casualties of all severitiescasualties181,3842016127,8832025−53,501−29.5%Department for Transport
Road deathsdeaths1,79220161,5382025−254−14.2%Department for Transport

Local government

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Adult social care precept in the average Band D bill£ a yearEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2023£34Year ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Adult social care precept, total raised in England£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2023£653.6mYear ending March 2026The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Average Band D council tax£ a year£1,484Year ending March 2016£2,280Year ending March 2026+796.6+53.7%MHCLG
Band D council tax in Scotland£ a year£1,149Year ending March 2016£1,543Year ending March 2026+394.7+34.4%Scottish Government
Change in average Band D council taxpercent1.1%Year ending March 20165%Year ending March 2026+3.9+3.9 pointsMHCLG
Council investments held£ millionEarliest comparable data: 2020 Q2£47.6bn2026 Q2The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Council spending on services£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£134.2bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Earmarked council reserves£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£25bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG
Outstanding council borrowing£ million£94.4bn2016 Q1£154.2bn2026 Q2+59,856.9+63.4%MHCLG
Unallocated council reserves£ millionEarliest comparable data: Year ending March 2018£5.4bnYear ending March 2025The series begins after 2016; its own span is on the series page.MHCLG

Economy

Series2016LatestChange% or pointsSince 2016Source
Consumer Prices Indexindex101.9December 2016142.9July 2026+41+40.2%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics (division 02)index101.3December 2016159.9July 2026+58.6+57.8%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: clothing and footwear (division 03)index102.7December 2016117.7July 2026+15+14.6%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: communication (division 08)index103.2December 2016149.6July 2026+46.4+45.0%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: education (division 10)index107.9December 2016152.7July 2026+44.8+41.5%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: food and non-alcoholic beverages (division 01)index97.9December 2016144July 2026+46.1+47.1%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: furniture, household equipment and routine maintenance (division 05)index101.7December 2016126.3July 2026+24.6+24.2%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: health (division 06)index102.2December 2016143.9July 2026+41.7+40.8%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (division 04)index100.7December 2016153.2July 2026+52.5+52.1%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: miscellaneous goods and services (division 12)index101.5December 2016126.6July 2026+25.1+24.7%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: recreation and culture (division 09)index101.2December 2016136.3July 2026+35.1+34.7%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: restaurants and hotels (division 11)index103.5December 2016157July 2026+53.5+51.7%ONS
Consumer Prices Index: transport (division 07)index103.7December 2016146.1July 2026+42.4+40.9%ONS
CPI inflation ratepercent1.6%December 20162.9%July 2026+1.3+1.3 pointsONS
CPIH inflation ratepercent1.8%December 20163.1%July 2026+1.3+1.3 pointsONS
GDP per head, real terms££9,6742016 Q4£10,2342026 Q2+560+5.8%ONS
Gross domestic product, real terms£ million£636.4bn2016 Q4£712.5bn2026 Q2+76,153+12.0%ONS
Real household disposable income£ million£410.2bn2016 Q4£454.4bn2026 Q1+44,196+10.8%ONS
RPI inflation ratepercent2.5%December 20163.2%July 2026+0.7+0.7 pointsONS

How this page is made

The 2016 figure is the last period the publisher published that ends in 2016: the calendar year for an annual series, December for a monthly one, the financial year ending in March 2016 where that is how the series is published; the row names the period used. A rate stated in percent is compared in percentage points. Money is in cash terms unless the publisher adjusted it. A series that begins after 2016 is listed with its earliest comparable period rather than stretched back; a series with a methodology break between the two dates is not compared across it. Forecast periods are excluded.

Related: what is changing over one year · through time · indexed comparison · for one area, its report card carries the same comparison from the year you choose.